Journal: Antioxidants

Article Title: Systematic Development and Characterization of Novel, High Drug-Loaded, Photostable, Curcumin Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Hydrogel for Wound Healing

doi: 10.3390/antiox10050725

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Proliferative effect of CSLN on human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and ( b ) fibroblast (FB) cells. The bar heights represent the relative fluorescence intensities (RFI) of reduced Alamar Blue reagent (1 h incubation) after 48 h of treatment with the control, BSLN (8 µg/mL), FC, and CSLN (0.01 and 0.1 µg/mL, respectively). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM ( n = 3 independent experiments, 9 wells/condition). * indicates a difference between the control to the other groups; # indicates a difference between BSLN to other groups, while + indicates a difference between FC and CSLN. + p < 0.05, **/## p < 0.01, and ***/### p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Immortal human keratinocytes cell lines (HaCaT; passages 37–39) and human dermal fibroblast cells (FB; passages 2–6; Lifecell Technologies, Aurangabad, India) were grown as described elsewhere [ ].

Techniques: Fluorescence, Incubation, Control

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: AntagomiR-192-5p-engineered exosomes encapsulated in MXene-modified GelMA hydrogel facilitated epithelization of burn wounds by targeting OLFM4

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.06.013

Figure Lengend Snippet: MiR-192-5p inhibited HaCaTs proliferation and migration, and promoted apoptosis and oxidative stress. A. CCK8 assay to evaluate the effect of miR-192-5p on HaCaTs cell viability (n = 3). B and C. Scratch assay to investigate the effect of miR-192-5p on HaCaTs migration ability (scale bar: 500 μm, n = 3). D and E. Flow cytometry analysis of miR-192-5p′s effect on HaCaTs apoptosis (n = 3). F. ROS staining fluorescence images after overexpressing miR-192-5p. G-H. Flow cytometry assessment of the effect of miR-192-5p on ROS expression levels in HaCaTs (n = 3). Data are shown as the mean ± SD. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001, by two-tailed unpaired Student's t -test (A, C, E and H).

Article Snippet: The human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaTs) used in this study were obtained from ScienCell Research Laboratories (San Diego, CA, USA), the HEK-293T cells were obtained from Procell, and the RAW264.7 cells were obtained from the Chinese Academy of Science Cell Bank.

Techniques: Migration, CCK-8 Assay, Wound Healing Assay, Flow Cytometry, Staining, Fluorescence, Expressing, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: AntagomiR-192-5p-engineered exosomes encapsulated in MXene-modified GelMA hydrogel facilitated epithelization of burn wounds by targeting OLFM4

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.06.013

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of miR-192-5p knockdown on HaCaTs function under oxidative stress conditions. A. CCK8 assay to assess the effect of miR-192-5p knockdown on HaCaTs cell viability (n = 3). B and C. Scratch assay to investigate the effect of miR-192-5p knockdown on HaCaTs migration ability (scale bar: 500 μm, n = 3). D and E. Flow cytometry analysis of the impact of miR-192-5p knockdown on HaCaTs apoptosis (n = 3). F. ROS staining fluorescence images after miR-192-5p knockdown. G-H. Flow cytometry assessment of the effect of miR-192-5p knockdown on ROS expression in HaCaTs (n = 3). Data are shown as the mean ± SD. ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001, by two-tailed unpaired Student's t -test (A, C, E and H).

Article Snippet: The human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaTs) used in this study were obtained from ScienCell Research Laboratories (San Diego, CA, USA), the HEK-293T cells were obtained from Procell, and the RAW264.7 cells were obtained from the Chinese Academy of Science Cell Bank.

Techniques: Knockdown, CCK-8 Assay, Wound Healing Assay, Migration, Flow Cytometry, Staining, Fluorescence, Expressing, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: AntagomiR-192-5p-engineered exosomes encapsulated in MXene-modified GelMA hydrogel facilitated epithelization of burn wounds by targeting OLFM4

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.06.013

Figure Lengend Snippet: Screening and validation of downstream target genes of miR-192-5p. A. Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes. B. Heatmap of differentially expressed genes with P < 0.05, |log 2 FC| > 1, and FPKM >1. C. Venn diagram showing the intersection of differentially expressed genes and predicted miR-192-5p target genes from the miRWalk database. D. Predicted binding sites of wild-type and mutated OLFM4 with miR-192-5p. E. Luciferase reporter assays in HEK-293 T cells after cotransfection with wild-type (WT) or mutant (MUT) CDS OLFM4 plasmids and miRNA mimics. (n = 3). F. RT-qPCR detection of OLFM4 expression changes in the HaCaTs oxidative stress model (n = 3). G-H. RT-qPCR analysis of OLFM4 mRNA expression changes in HaCaTs after overexpression and knockdown of miR-192-5p (n = 3). I-L. Immunofluorescence detection of OLFM4 protein expression changes in HaCaTs after overexpression and knockdown of miR-192-5p (scale bar: 50 μm, n = 3). M-P. Western blot analysis of OLFM4 protein expression changes in HaCaTs after overexpression and knockdown of miR-192-5p. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001, and ns, no significance, by two-tailed unpaired Student's t -test (F-H, J, L, N and P), and by one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey-Kramer's post hoc test (E).

Article Snippet: The human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaTs) used in this study were obtained from ScienCell Research Laboratories (San Diego, CA, USA), the HEK-293T cells were obtained from Procell, and the RAW264.7 cells were obtained from the Chinese Academy of Science Cell Bank.

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Binding Assay, Luciferase, Cotransfection, Mutagenesis, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Over Expression, Knockdown, Immunofluorescence, Western Blot, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: AntagomiR-192-5p-engineered exosomes encapsulated in MXene-modified GelMA hydrogel facilitated epithelization of burn wounds by targeting OLFM4

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.06.013

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overexpression of OLFM4 protected HaCaTs from dysfunction induced by miR-192-5p overexpression. A-C. RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence validation of the transfection efficiency of the OLFM4 overexpression plasmid (scale bar: 50 μm, n = 3). D. CCK8 assay to assess the effect of miR-192-5p and OLFM4 overexpression on HaCaTs cell viability (n = 3). E and F. Scratch assay to evaluate the effect of miR-192-5p and OLFM4 overexpression on HaCaTs migration ability (scale bar: 500 μm, n = 3). G and H. Flow cytometry analysis of the effect of miR-192-5p and OLFM4 overexpression on HaCaTs apoptosis (n = 3). I. ROS staining fluorescence images after overexpressing miR-192-5p and OLFM4(scale bar: 50 μm). J-K. Flow cytometry assessment of ROS levels in HaCaTs after overexpressing miR-192-5p and OLFM4 (n = 3). Data are shown as the mean ± SD. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001, and ns, no significance, by two-tailed unpaired Student's t -test (A and C), and by one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey-Kramer's post hoc test (D, F, H and K).

Article Snippet: The human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaTs) used in this study were obtained from ScienCell Research Laboratories (San Diego, CA, USA), the HEK-293T cells were obtained from Procell, and the RAW264.7 cells were obtained from the Chinese Academy of Science Cell Bank.

Techniques: Over Expression, Quantitative RT-PCR, Immunofluorescence, Biomarker Discovery, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, CCK-8 Assay, Wound Healing Assay, Migration, Flow Cytometry, Staining, Fluorescence, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: AntagomiR-192-5p-engineered exosomes encapsulated in MXene-modified GelMA hydrogel facilitated epithelization of burn wounds by targeting OLFM4

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.06.013

Figure Lengend Snippet: Knockdown of OLFM4 reversed the protective effect of miR-192-5p knockdown on HaCaTs function under oxidative stress model. A-C. RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence validation of the transfection efficiency of OLFM4 small interfering RNA (siRNA) (scale bar: 50 μm, n = 3). D. CCK8 assay to assess the effect of miR-192-5p and OLFM4 knockdown on HaCaTs cell viability (n = 3). E and F. Scratch assay to evaluate the effect of miR-192-5p and OLFM4 knockdown on HaCaTs migration ability (scale bar: 500 μm, n = 3). G and H. Flow cytometry analysis of the effect of miR-192-5p and OLFM4 knockdown on HaCaTs apoptosis (n = 3). I. ROS staining fluorescence images after miR-192-5p and OLFM4 knockdown (scale bar: 50 μm). J-K. Flow cytometry assessment of ROS levels in HaCaTs after knockdown of miR-192-5p and OLFM4 (n = 3). Data are shown as the mean ± SD. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001, and ns, no significance, by two-tailed unpaired Student's t -test (A and C), and by one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey-Kramer's post hoc test (D, F, H and K).

Article Snippet: The human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaTs) used in this study were obtained from ScienCell Research Laboratories (San Diego, CA, USA), the HEK-293T cells were obtained from Procell, and the RAW264.7 cells were obtained from the Chinese Academy of Science Cell Bank.

Techniques: Knockdown, Quantitative RT-PCR, Immunofluorescence, Biomarker Discovery, Transfection, Small Interfering RNA, CCK-8 Assay, Wound Healing Assay, Migration, Flow Cytometry, Staining, Fluorescence, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: AntagomiR-192-5p-engineered exosomes encapsulated in MXene-modified GelMA hydrogel facilitated epithelization of burn wounds by targeting OLFM4

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.06.013

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mechanistic exploration of the effect of OLFM4 on HaCaTs proliferation and apoptosis. A. Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes in HaCaTs overexpressing OLFM4. B. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. C. Violin Plot of selected genes in the "Cell growth and death" pathway. D. Heatmap of enriched genes in the "Cell growth and death" pathway. E. RT-qPCR validation of the expression changes of genes enriched in the "Cell growth and death" pathway (n = 3). Data are shown as the mean ± SD. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001, by two-tailed unpaired Student's t -test (E).

Article Snippet: The human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaTs) used in this study were obtained from ScienCell Research Laboratories (San Diego, CA, USA), the HEK-293T cells were obtained from Procell, and the RAW264.7 cells were obtained from the Chinese Academy of Science Cell Bank.

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Biomarker Discovery, Expressing, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: AntagomiR-192-5p-engineered exosomes encapsulated in MXene-modified GelMA hydrogel facilitated epithelization of burn wounds by targeting OLFM4

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.06.013

Figure Lengend Snippet: Preparation and characterization of miR-192-5p engineered exosomes. A. TEM images of Exo-ant-192 and MSC-derived exosomes (scale bar: 100 nm). B. Particle size distribution of Exo-ant-192 and MSC-derived exosomes. C. Expression of exosome protein markers (CD81, HSP70, and TSG101) and an intracellular marker (Calnexin). D. Internalization of Exo-ant-192 and MSC-derived exosomes by HaCaTs (scale bar: 50 μm). E. Loading efficiency of Exo-Cy3-ant-192 (n = 3). F. RT-qPCR detection of intracellular miR-192-5p expression changes after transfection with Exo-ant-192 (n = 3). G. CCK8 assay to evaluate the effect of Exo-ant-192 on HaCaTs cell viability (n = 3). H and I. Effect of Exo-ant-192 on HaCaTs migration ability (scale bar: 500 μm, n = 3). J and K. Flow cytometry assessment of the effect of Exo-ant-192 on HaCaTs apoptosis (n = 3). Data are shown as the mean ± SD. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001, by two-tailed unpaired Student's t -test (E, F, G, I and K).

Article Snippet: The human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaTs) used in this study were obtained from ScienCell Research Laboratories (San Diego, CA, USA), the HEK-293T cells were obtained from Procell, and the RAW264.7 cells were obtained from the Chinese Academy of Science Cell Bank.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Expressing, Marker, Quantitative RT-PCR, Transfection, CCK-8 Assay, Migration, Flow Cytometry, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: AntagomiR-192-5p-engineered exosomes encapsulated in MXene-modified GelMA hydrogel facilitated epithelization of burn wounds by targeting OLFM4

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.06.013

Figure Lengend Snippet: Preparation and characterization of Exo@M-Gel hydrogel. A. Preparation of photopolymerized M-Gel hydrogel. B. Injectability of M-Gel hydrogel. C. SEM images of Exo@Gel and Exo@M-Gel (scale bar: 10 μm). D. CCK8 assays to evaluate the effect of co-culturing HaCaTs with Exo@Gel and Exo@M-Gel on cell viability. E. Swelling curves of Exo@Gel and Exo@M-Gel (n = 3). F. Degradation curves of Exo@Gel and Exo@M-Gel (n = 3). G. Exosome release curves of Exo@Gel and Exo@M-Gel (n = 3). H. Stress-strain curves of Exo@Gel and Exo@M-Gel. I and J. Flow cytometry analysis of iNOS positivity in RAW264.7 cells co-cultured with Exo@Gel and Exo@M-Gel after LPS stimulation (n = 3). K. RT-qPCR analysis of iNOS, IL-1β and TNFα expression levels in RAW264.7 cells co-cultured with Exo@Gel and Exo@M-Gel after LPS stimulation (n = 3). Data are shown as the mean ± SD. ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001, and ns, no significance, by two-tailed unpaired Student's t -test (D), and by one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey-Kramer's post hoc test (J and K).

Article Snippet: The human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaTs) used in this study were obtained from ScienCell Research Laboratories (San Diego, CA, USA), the HEK-293T cells were obtained from Procell, and the RAW264.7 cells were obtained from the Chinese Academy of Science Cell Bank.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Cell Culture, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Cancers

Article Title: ALDH3A1 Overexpression in Melanoma and Lung Tumors Drives Cancer Stem Cell Expansion, Impairing Immune Surveillance through Enhanced PD-L1 Output

doi: 10.3390/cancers11121963

Figure Lengend Snippet: ALDH3A1 expression and activity in metastatic melanoma and NSCLC cells. ( a ) Protein expression of ALDH3A1 in metastatic melanoma cells (WM), NSCLC (HCC), and metastatic melanoma cells from patients BRAF WT (MEL) and keratinocytes (HaCaT) cultured for 48 h in complete medium (DMEM 4500 mg/L glucose for WM and HaCaT; RPMI1640 for HCC and MEL) with 10% FBS. β-actin has been used to normalize loading. ( b ) mRNA expression of ALDH3A1 in WM, HCC, or MEL cultured for 36 h in a complete medium with 10% FBS. Data expressed as Ct. ( c ) ALDH3A1 activity in tumor cells cultured for 24 h in complete medium with 10% FBS. Data expressed as % of nmol NADPH/minute/mg protein.

Article Snippet: Immortalized human keratinocytes HaCaT cells (passages 3–7) were acquired from Voden Medical (Meda, Italy).

Techniques: Expressing, Activity Assay, Cell Culture